There are a number of researchers and faculty who specialize in something called “student development theory.” These theories study how college students grow and develop during their time at school. Although you’re not expected to be a “theory expert” as a student staff member, there are nevertheless some simple concepts and take aways than can be helpful from a basic understanding of some of these theories. Remember these are generalizations, and not all students will follow the exact same path.
Nevitt Sanford’s concept of “Challenge and Support” is a developmental theory that suggests optimal growth and development occur when individuals are presented with a balanced combination of challenges and support.
Concept of Challenge and Support
- Challenge: This involves pushing individuals out of their comfort zones, encouraging them to confront new experiences, solve problems, and develop critical thinking skills. Challenges can be academic, social, or personal.
- Support: This involves providing the necessary guidance, resources, and encouragement to help individuals navigate the challenges they face. Support ensures that the individual does not feel overwhelmed and has the tools needed to succeed.
The idea is that individuals grow best when they are in environments where they are both challenged and supported in a balanced manner. Too much challenge without support can lead to stress and failure, while too much support without challenge can result in stagnation and lack of growth.
Application for RAs and Student Staff
- Creating a Balanced Environment: RAs should strive to create an environment in residence halls that balances challenges (like new social situations, personal responsibility) with support (such as providing resources, emotional encouragement, and guidance).
- Encouraging Growth: RAs can encourage residents to engage in new activities, participate in community events, or take on leadership roles while also providing the support they need, such as mentorship or problem-solving assistance.
- Personal Development: RAs themselves can use the Challenge and Support model for their own growth by taking on responsibilities that challenge their skills and providing themselves with adequate support through training, supervision, and peer support.
By applying Sanford’s concepts of challenge and support, you can create environments of optimal growth for their residents.
