There are a number of researchers and faculty who specialize in something called “student development theory.” These theories study how college students grow and develop during their time at school. Although you’re not expected to be a “theory expert” as a student staff member, there are nevertheless some simple concepts and take aways than can be helpful from a basic understanding of some of these theories. Remember these are generalizations, and not all students will follow the exact same path.
Arthur Chickering’s Seven Vectors of identity development are seven different ways students typically experience growth and development during their college years. When thinking about your residents, these vectors can be useful to help you in understanding all the changes your resident may be going through. The seven vectors include: Developing Competence, Managing Emotions, Moving Through Autonomy Towards Interdependence, Developing Mature Interpersonal Relationships, Establishing Identity, Developing Purpose, and Developing Integrity.
Summary of Chickering’s Seven Vectors
1. Developing Competence:
- Definition: Students build their intellectual, physical, and interpersonal skills. They gain confidence in their abilities and begin to understand their strengths and areas for improvement.
- Application: RAs can support this vector by offering opportunities for residents to engage in academic and extracurricular activities that challenge them and help them build skills.
2. Managing Emotions:
- Definition: Students learn to understand and manage their emotions effectively, which involves developing emotional resilience and the ability to handle stress and interpersonal conflicts.
- Application: RAs can provide support through active listening, conflict resolution, and promoting emotional well-being by creating a supportive and empathetic environment.
3. Moving Through Autonomy Toward Interdependence:
- Definition: Students strive for independence while recognizing the importance of interdependence with others. They balance their personal autonomy with the need for community and collaboration.
- Application: RAs can encourage residents to take responsibility for their own decisions while also fostering a sense of community and cooperation within the residence hall.
4. Developing Mature Interpersonal Relationships:
- Definition: Students cultivate meaningful relationships that are characterized by mutual respect, intimacy, and effective communication.
- Application: RAs can promote healthy relationship-building by facilitating group activities, creating inclusive environments, and addressing interpersonal issues constructively.
5. Establishing Identity:
- Definition: Students explore and solidify their sense of self, including their personal values, beliefs, and goals. This process involves integrating various aspects of their identity into a cohesive whole.
- Application: RAs can support residents in this exploration by providing resources, encouraging self-reflection, and creating opportunities for residents to express and explore their identities.
6. Developing Purpose:
- Definition: Students clarify their personal and professional goals and begin to align their activities and choices with these goals.
- Application: RAs can help residents set and achieve their goals by offering guidance on career planning, academic success, and personal development.
7. Developing Integrity:
- Definition: Students integrate their values and principles into their daily lives, demonstrating consistency between their beliefs and actions. They also develop a sense of ethical responsibility.
- Application: RAs can model and encourage ethical behavior and integrity by promoting a culture of honesty, responsibility, and respect in the residence hall.
Application for RAs and Student Staff
- Supporting Development: RAs can use Chickering’s vectors to understand and support residents’ developmental needs. Tailoring support to where residents are in their development can help them make meaningful progress.
- Creating Opportunities: RAs can create programs and activities that align with these vectors, such as workshops on emotional management, goal-setting sessions, or community-building events.
- Promoting Growth: By encouraging residents to participate in a variety of activities and providing them with support and feedback, RAs can help residents develop competencies, manage emotions, and build relationships.
- Fostering a Supportive Environment: RAs can foster an environment where residents feel safe to explore their identity, establish their purpose, and develop integrity by promoting open communication, respect, and inclusivity.
By applying Chickering’s Seven Vectors, you can effectively support the holistic development of residents. How have you seen your own growth and change in these seven vectors?
